Here’s what to expect before getting a bone density scan, experts say
If you’re heading to your first DEXA scan, here’s what experts need you to know.
If you’re someone who’s at risk for developing osteoporosis, you’re probably well-accustomed to receiving regular bone density tests.
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA or DXA) is a radiologic study that evaluates bone density, says Dr. Jian Q. “Michael” Yu, the chief of nuclear medicine and PET at Fox Chase Cancer Center in Pennsylvania.
If you’re heading to the radiologist for your first DEXA scan, here’s what experts need you to know.
What is a bone density test?
DEXA scans are the gold standard test for assessing a patient’s bone mineral density (BMD), says Dr. Yoram Baum, a board-certified physician in nuclear medicine and assistant professor of radiology and imaging sciences at Emory University School of Medicine.
A number of doctors may recommend a patient take a bone density test—from primary care providers to endocrinologists to oncologists—to assess your risk of low bone density, says Yu.
Bone density tests play a crucial role in identifying osteopenia (bone density loss) and osteoporosis (severe bone density loss), says Baum. Osteoporosis causes the bones to become incredibly brittle. The condition affects more than 10 million people over the age of 50, and postmenopausal women are particularly vulnerable. Osteoporosis doesn’t usually present symptoms until a serious fracture occurs, which is why physicians often call it a “silent disease.”
How is a bone density test done?
Bone density tests are fairly quick. It is a painless, noninvasive exam that usually takes around 10 minutes, Baum says.
As you lay down, the X-ray machine will take images of the hips and lumbar spine, bones which are particularly vulnerable to osteoporotic fractures. In the case that you’ve had a hip replacement (resulting in the partial or total replacement of the hip joint with artificial materials), providers may also scan the forearm, says Baum.
Some people may be concerned about radiation exposure, but Baum and Yu assure this is very minimal. The DEXA scan produces very low levels of radiation, with energy levels similar to the routine X-rays you’d receive at the dentist, says Baum.
How to prepare for a bone density test
To prepare for a bone density test, patients should stop taking calcium supplements at least 24 hours before the exam for the most accurate results, says Baum. Wear comfortable, loose clothing without belts, zippers or buttons. You’ll also need to remove all jewelry, per WebMD.
Ultimately, it’s important to have conversations about bone health with your healthcare provider, and receive regular bone density scans if you’re someone who’s at risk for osteoporosis. “That way you can start your prevention or treatment for osteoporosis or osteopenia as early as possible,” says Baum.
To maintain healthy bones, establish a regular exercise routine that includes weight training, and incorporate foods rich in vitamin D and calcium into your diet. If you’re someone who has osteopenia or osteoporosis, these lifestyle changes are critical, although ideally, starting these habits earlier in life can help reduce your risk of bone density loss. “It's easier to maintain the bone density rather than increase it,” says Baum. In cases of severe bone density loss, certain medications can become part of an osteoporosis treatment plan.